The establishment of permanent settlements in North America was a crucial development in England’s colonization of the New World. But what was the name of the very first permanent English colony in present-day America?
Jamestown – England’s First Foothold
The first permanent English settlement was established in 1607 at Jamestown, located near the Chesapeake Bay in what is now Virginia.
Jamestown was founded by the Virginia Company of London as a business venture seeking valuable resources like gold and other trade goods. The site was selected for its easily defensible position.
Despite early struggles with famine, disease, and conflict with Native Americans, Jamestown endured as the first permanent foothold of England in its ambition to build an American empire.
Earlier Failed Attempts
Jamestown succeeded where previous English attempts to settle North America had failed. Earlier abortive efforts included:
- Roanoke Colony – This 16th century colony on Roanoke Island mysteriously vanished between voyages back to England. It lasted less than 3 years.
- Popham Colony – Established in 1607, this Maine colony was abandoned after just one year.
Jamestown represented the tenacity of England to finally make a permanent North American settlement after overcoming major obstacles.
Legacy of Jamestown
Jamestown introduced the model of English colonization based on agriculture, natural resource extraction, trade, and relations with Native tribes.
As English influence expanded, Jamestown served as the capital of the Virginia colony for over 80 years until 1699. It was a hub for the emerging system of plantations and introduction of African slavery.
Today the historic Jamestown site is a popular living history museum that tells the storied origins of England’s presence in North America.
FAQs About Jamestown
Where exactly was Jamestown located?
Jamestown was located in the Colony of Virginia, on the north shore of the James River about 40 miles inland from the Chesapeake Bay. It is near the present-day city of Williamsburg, Virginia.
When was Jamestown first established?
Jamestown was established on May 14, 1607 when English settlers arrived by ship and erected the initial fort and buildings.
What challenges did Jamestown face?
Harsh winters, conflicts with Native American tribes, famine, and disease all threatened Jamestown’s survival during its early vulnerable years. High mortality rates almost led to abandonment until stability improved.
How long did Jamestown last?
Jamestown remained the capital of colonial Virginia until 1699, nearly a century after its founding. It survived as England’s first permanent settlement in North America.
So in summary, the first successful English colony in North America was Jamestown, founded in 1607 in what became the Virginia Colony. Its endurance laid the groundwork for England’s colonization of the Americas.
